Background and Aims: Disc displacement is the most common temporomandibular joint disorder and MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) is the gold standard in its diagnosis. This disorder can lead to changes in signal intensity of MAGNETIC RESONANCE (MR). The purpose of this study was evaluation of correlation between relative signal intensity of MR images of retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle with type of anterior disk displacement and condylar head flattening in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD).Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, 31 MR images of patients who had anterior disc displacement were evaluated. After relative signal intensity measurement for retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle, the correlation between relative signal intensity and type of anterior disc displacement was evaluated with repeated measure ANOVA test. In each of these 3 areas, t-test was used to compare the groups with and without condylar head flattening.Results: The correlation between relative signal intensity of MR images and type of anterior disc displacement in retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle was not significant. There was also no statistically significant correlation between relative signal intensity of MR images and flattening of condylar head in retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of lateral ptrygoid muscle (P>0.05).Conclusion: According to findings of this study, relative signal intensity of MR images in retrodiscal tissue, superior and inferior head of ptrygoid muscle is not a good predictor for type of anterior disc displacement and flattening of condylar head. It seems that this cannot be used as a diagnostic marker for TMD progression.

Background: Prostate cancer is the third leading cause of death and is the most common cause of cancer in elderly men. Regarding to the low accuracy of screening methods such as prostate-specific antigen (PSA), Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) and trans rectal ultrasound (TRUS) in detection and localization of tumor, MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) and Diffusion Weighted IMAGING (DWI) attracted many attentions in the past years. DWI reveals micro-molecular diffusion, which is the Brownian motion of the spins in biologic tissues. This technique can delineate pathologic lesions with high tissue contrast against generally suppressed background signal. In this paper, the value of DWI in detection of prostate cancer is studied.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the studied population are suspicious patients to prostate cancer based on high Prostatic Specific Antigen level or abnormal Digital Rectal Examination who refered for prostate biopsy to radiology department of Hazrate- Rasoul Hospital during the year 2011. The results of DWI are compared to biopsy results for all patients.Results: Eighty five patients are selected. The DWI sensitivity in detecting of prostate cancer is 100%, specificity 97.1% and positive and negative predictive values are 89.5% and 100%, respectively. The results showed that if DWI reports the prostate cancer as negative, the result was highly reliable and if it reports as positive, although the report was not 100% reliable, but it still had high reliability, more than 90%.Conclusion: DWI had high accuracy in detecting prostate cancer for patients with cancer. Also the accuracy of this method for patients without prostate cancer was acceptable compared to the other common methods.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by death of motor neurons leading to devastating muscle weakness and wasting and weight loss. It causes mixed picture of Lower Motor Neuron (LMN) and Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) dysfunction. The wide spectrums of atypical presentations can frequently lead to expensive work-up and undue delay in diagnosis of ALS. Occasionally, brain MRI of ALS patients shows some lesions in white matter. Moreover, Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) analysis demonstrates Oligoclonal Bands (OCB) in a few subjects. Because of the UMN signs, brain white matter lesions and presence of OCBs in CSF, ALS can be misdiagnosed as Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Also, some findings in ALS mimic Central Nervous System (CNS) vasculitis. We are reporting a case of ALS in a 48-year-old man presenting with subacute progressive spastic diparesis and brain white matter lesions which was initially misdiagnosed by MS and CNS vasculopathy.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most prevalent inflammatory demyelinating disease that involves central nervous system. Cognitive disorders are common complaint of patients with MS. Hippocampus is a part of brain that plays significant role in cognition, and is highly sensitive to inflammatory changes induced by MS. This study was the first study conducted to assess hippocampal angle in cognitive disorders occur in patients with MS. Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted on 39 patients with MS referred to university hospitals in Isfahan City, Iran, during 2015-17. Patients were divided to two groups of with cognitive and without cognitive disorders based on Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychology Questionnaire (MSNQ). Patients' age, gender, and Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS) were evaluated. Then, all patients underwent MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) and hippocampal angle, bifrontal diameter (BFD), and third ventricle width (3VW) was measured based on their IMAGING. Findings: Cognitive dysfunction was significantly in association with patients age (P = 0. 013; B =-0. 164) and EDSS (P = 0. 005; B = 1. 23). No association was found between cognitive impairment and hippocampal angle (P = 0. 270), and EDSS was not significantly correlated with hippocampal angle as well (P = 0. 500, r = 0. 317). In addition, BFD and 3VW were not statistically in correlation with cognitive impairment (P > 0. 050). Conclusion: Based on findings of our study, there was no association between hippocampal angle and neurocognitive function of patients with MS. In addition, this angle was not affected by patients' age and gender as well. Further studies with larger sample populations and consideration of drug regimen and duration of disease are recommended.

The purpose of this study was to investigate MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI) of the normal feline eye and optic nerves using T1-weighted and T2-weighted images. A total of 6 healthy female domestic short hair cats age 2-2.5 years and weighing 3.2±0.4 kg were selected. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING data were collected using GEMSOW (Philips) at a MAGNETIC field strength of 1.5 T. Dorsal, sagittal, and transverse plane images were obtained from left and right eyes. Intraocular structures of the cats visible on T1-weighted and T2-weighted images include cornea, anterior chamber, posterior chamber, lens, iris, sclera, and chiasma.Cornea was well detected in T1-weighted, the iris in T2-weighted and chiasma was well detected in T2- weighted in dorsal plane. Measurements of the visible structures on T1-weighted and T2-weighted images did not show any significant difference between the left and right eyes (P>0.05). MRI provides excellent anatomical detail of the feline eye and optic nerve due to its superior soft tissue contrast and its multiplanar and multislice IMAGING capability.

Introduction & Background: Bone marrow is classified into two types of tissues based on differences in their color at gross pathologic examination. The ac-tie hematopoietic component is comprised mostly of erythrocytes and their precursors and is denoted as "red" marrow, whereas "yellow" (inactive) marrow is comprised primarily of fat. Bone marrow is the fourth largest organ in body by weight, following bone, muscle and fat. MRI pattern of bone marrow is de-pendent on several factors including age, sex, differ-end bones, diseases (inflammation, tumors, ischemia, trauma, and metabolic disorders), post-surgical and post-radiation changes. Progressive conversion of hematopoietic marrow to fatty marrow is seen with age. The conversion process continues until the adult pattern is reached by the age of 25 years. Here nor-cal and abnormal appearances of bone marrow in MRI. Role of different MRI sequences (such as T1W Spin echo, T2W fat-saturation (FSE), ORE, fast STIR, etc.) in normal and abnormal bone marrow patterns is also discussed.